Sunday, December 12, 2004

Electronic Writing, Traditional Writing, and Their Future

This Comparative Literature class and this Writing Difference Project are both exceptionally fun and extremely different from the English classes I had experienced before. Before being in this class, I had always thought of literature as a boring subject. However, through this class and the Writing Difference Project, I found that literature can actually be quite fun and engaging in a more personal level.

So, how is writing about literature on an electronic stage significant than writing in a traditional method (i.e. using pen and paper)? Writing about literature on the Internet is significant in several ways. First, people from all around the world can look at my entries. One significant example is the comment left by Dr. Dudley de Souza on my entry titled “Antony and Cleopatra”. According to his weblog profile, Dr. de Souza is an English professor from Singapore. Here, we have a practical example of how opinions and comments on literature are shared across the Internet. I had posted my opinions on Antony and Cleopatra, and Dr. de Souza left his response to my entry and thus shared his view on Antony and Cleopatra. Dr. de Souza and I are total strangers. However, the entry on Antony and Cleopatra brought the opinions from the two of us together and put them into the same space. Without a weblog (meaning, writing my opinions down onto a paper), my opinions and comments will not get far. My opinions will probably be shared within the class and they will be restrained by the physical boundary of the classroom. However, posting my comment onto a weblog extends such boundary. It is not only shared among other students, it is virtually accessible to anyone who has Internet access. The limit of the classroom is eliminated and the boundary is extended to a much wider scope. Moreover, people with Internet access can read my entries and comments any time anywhere they want. Thus, literature can be shared with a faster pace and easier accessibility through the Internet.

In addition, the availability of other handy resources on the Internet also contributes to the fast-spreading of literary works and ideas across the Web. With the advancement of technology, not only texts are shared in the Internet. We have pictures and video and audio clips available on the Internet. Significant examples can be seen in my entry titled “Antony and Cleopatra” and the pictures on Sappho and her fragments. Without the Internet, we will have to go to various different places to see these pictures and drawings. With available resources on the Internet, we can simply click onto a link and we will immediately see the different pictures of Cleopatra, and even the fragmented papyrus pieces on which Sappho’s poems are written.

Nonetheless, some problems still exist within the scope of electracy. The problem of plagiarism becomes more serious due to the presence of more easily accessible resources. Also, information can be easily lost without hard copies (significant examples can be drawn from Tyson and Erika’s comments on their loss of entries due to technical problems). Writing on a weblog of course gives us freedom and allows literature to spread more easily, but stuff is more easily lost during the writing process due to various high-level technical problems. Comparing to the materials written in the traditional mode that involves pen and paper, materials written within the Internet have a higher tendency of being lost.

So is electronic writing beneficial? Yes, I will say. Electronic writing has definitely improved our ways in approaching and looking at literature. Although there are still issues and problems concerning electronic writing, I will say the overall effect of electronic writing lies in the positive side. Let me try to draw an analogy between writing through the Internet and talking through telephones. Communicating through telephones is very similar to writing literature through the Internet. Telephones have improved our lives by providing a new and convenient mode of communication. People from different locales can now talk to each other in a more direct and immediate fashion. However, have we abandoned the old mode of communication, namely letter-writing? No. Letters and telephones coexist in the modern society. Neither one has replaced the other, and neither one has been abandoned. Writing electronically is just the same. We have not abandoned our old way of writing (i.e. writing using paper and pen). Electronic writing is only a new invention such that we can communicate, spread, and share literature in a more direct and widespread fashion.

Then, what is the future of writing like? I imaging the future of writing will be somewhat like what we have today: electronic writing and traditional writing coexist together. Unless the advancement of technology has brought us some tools like Tyson has mentioned in his weblog, people will stay in the neutral pathway between writing electronically and traditionally. Drawing the telephone-analogy again, the presence of different tools enables us to communicate in different ways; the principle of communication is still the same. Writing has the same idea: technology allows us to spread ideas and “write” them in different ways, but literature is still the same old literature. It’s just that we are approaching literature from different directions and with different means.

Going Back through Time

Don't really know why, but I just clicked into random old posts in Tyson's weblog and found this old entry talking about Sappho:

Tyson wrote, "Maybe it's a twisted pedagogy to actively seek to bewilder an audience, but the point was to start a class on difference by somehow evoking, performing, and inviting difference. My disclaimer was: the goal is for this to have made sense in December. Again with the future perfect tense: today's lecture will have made sense by the end of the semester" (Click here for actual post)

He is right, everything is making sense at the end of the semester. The idea of difference, the difference between Chinese works, Russian poems, Shakespearean plays, Greek works, and Sappho's fragments. Everything just ties in together so nicely within the principle of difference.

On the side note, it is interesting to run into some old entries and to see how we have progressed throughout this semester. Really interesting.

Going Back to Fr. 16

Last time when I read Kinzie's entry, I realized the analogy Sappho is trying to draw between Anaktoria and Helen of Troy.

In the very beginning of the poem, Sappho points out what she thinks to be the most beautiful thing. She thinks what one loves is more beautiful than army, horses, or soldiers. Sappho then addresses the story of Helen. With her later reference to Anaktoria, who "is gone", it becomes clear that she is trying to establish an analogy between Anakoria and Helen. Both Helen and Anaktoria are gone because of love toward others. However, Sappho also points out the difference between her reaction and the reaction of the Greeks. Sappho would rather be happy seeing Anaktoria being loved and living happily (most beautiful = "what you love"). On the other hand, the Trojan War was started because of Helen running to Troy (army, soldiers, ships = things highly praised by the male poets). Thus, we can see the difference between her distinctive view and the male poets' conventional view.

Special Assignment Fragment 12

When I first looked at this fragment, I have an image of Sappho writing this poem to her children. The word "barefoot" just gives an idea of a little baby full of innocence.

O, lovely and gracefully, my love,
you rest on the fragrant bed.
With my eyes and heart all on you,
I cannot sweep your lovely face out of my
thought.
Remember the first step you walked on your
barefoot
Tears fill my eyes and happiness fills my soul.
My love, rest and dream in the peaceful land.
May you be blessed by the holy gods,
with elegance and delicacy be with you always.


'Blog' Tops U.S. Dictionary's Words of the Year

By Greg Frost
"BOSTON (Reuters) - A four-letter term that came to symbolize the difference between old and new media during this year's presidential campaign tops U.S. dictionary publisher Merriam-Webster's list of the 10 words of the year.

Merriam-Webster Inc. said on Tuesday that blog, defined as "a Web site that contains an online personal journal with reflections, comments and often hyperlinks," was one of the most looked-up words on its Internet sites this year."

...

"A Merriam-Webster spokesman said it was not possible to say how many times blog had been looked up on its Web sites but that from July onward, the word received tens of thousands of hits per month.

Blog will be a new entry in the 2005 version of the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition. The complete list of words of the year is available at http:/www.merriam-webster.com/info/04words.htm"

Very interesting. See, the weblogs are getting popular and emerging into the mainstream culture.
According to the OED, the word "blog" is a shorhand for "weblog", whereas "weblog" is a combination of the words "web" and "log", being defined as: "A frequently updated web site consisting of personal observations, excerpts from other sources, etc., typically run by a single person, and usually with hyperlinks to other sites; an online journal or diary" (OED, 2nd Ed.)

Monday, December 06, 2004

Sappho's Fragment 193 & 5

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fragment 193 discovered by Finsen Chiu
Anyway this is just a joke. Let's talk about fragment 5. I find this one to be interesting because the subject of this poem is not some girl, but the speaker's brother. Since Sappho's the poet, I'll assume she is talking about her own brother (this might not be true, but let's stick with it until we've found out the truth). Starting from the beginning, she is asking the goddesses (Kypris and Nereids) to protect his brother and grant him a safe journey (side note: "Nereids" and "arrive" suggest that her brother is taking a journey by sea). Then, Sappho goes on in asking them to forive his sins, and Sappho is praying to the goddesses for his brother's better being. After praying for some good stuff for her brother, now it's time for some good stuff for herself. Sappho then makes a wish such that her brother may "...willingly give his sister/her portion of honor". After this, the poem breaks up into fragments. Although there are only a few words left, it is obvious that Sappho is asking for good fortune and safety for his brother, as the phrase at the end suggests: "setting aside evil".
(post revised to clear out confusion) ^^,
Fragment of Sappho's manuscripts Posted by Hello
Picture of Sappho on marble Posted by Hello
A fragment of Sappho's manuscripts Posted by Hello

Love toward a Goddess?

In Sappho's fragment 1, she is trying to establish a relationship with the Goddess Aphrodite. This is not revealed until the very end of the poem where Sappho directly addresses this establishment: "Come to me now: loose me from hard/care and all my heart longs/to accomplish, accomplish. You/be my ally" While Sappho is trying to ask Aphrosite to be her ally, it will be interesting to know why she is picking Aphrodite but not some other Gods or Goddesses? As a Greek goddess, Aphrodite is a symbole of love, and beauty. As Sappho directly states in the opening stanza: "...I beg you/do not break with hard pains,/O lady, my heart" Sappho seems to be expressing her longing for love, and is kindly asking Aphrodite not to break her heart with the loss of love. Another question arises: whom is this love referring to? In the fifth stanza, Sappho expresses her love toward another girl, and thus implies the possibility of her homosexuality: "Whom should I persuade... to lead you back into her love?" It seems that she is trying to ask Aphrodite to be her ally so that Aphrodite can lead Sappho's lost lover back to her.

On the other hand, Sappho's usage of different words is pretty interesting throuhout this poem. Sappho uses the word "deathless" twice in this poem, and she uses it to decribe Aphrodite. Thus, she makes a contrast between the imortality of Aphrodite and Sappho's mortality within the poem. And it is this contrast that raises Aphrodite's status as a goddess, and makes her the supreme in love.

Friday, December 03, 2004

On a side note

By the way, you are welcome to drop by my other weblog and leave comments (it's a more personal/less academic one):

My Xanga

Thursday, December 02, 2004

Wonderworld

"Mama! I just had the most hurtful dream!
And someone much stronger than me
took charge of my will
and I rescue the ladybird, look!
Now it can dry its wings
and fly wherever it likes."

This last remark has especially struck me.
I imagine a little child saying this to his mom. It is such an innocent voice.

Sometimes it hurts, but it is all worth it.

What is the Only Book?

Velimir Khlebnikov surely has a hard-spelling name, and he writes really differently. It seems we have to be thinking in his channel in order to understand what he wants to say.

I've just finished reading "The One, the Only Book". At the first sight, I thought he is about to talk about a sacred, religious book (The Bible was the thing that came to my mind when I first saw the title). Here, I'm going to do a close-reading trying to analyise this poem.

The poem begins with the names of the sacred books from different religion: Vedas (Hindu), Gospels (Christian/Catholic), and the Koran (Muslim), and the books of the Mongols (why Mongols?).

So he says he has seen all these books, and they are all made of "dust, of earth's ashes,/of sweet-smelling dung [how is dung sweet-smelling?]" he seems to be degrading the sacredness of these books when he says that these books are made of ashes, which also gives me a sense that his Only Book is much more superior than these existing ones.

Then, it comes to "I have seen them to the fire/...to hasten the coming/of the One, the Only Book". So, all these books die to urge to coming of his Only Book. What is this Only Book? This Book must be so great that its coming requires the death of the sacred religiou books.

Ok, then we have the explanation that the "pages are enormous oceans". Is he using a metorphor here? Or is he actually saying that the oceans are the pages, then the books will be the earth???

And there follows a bunch of river names in different region of the world, and reading through this part is really "boring, boring". But does this actually reflects his traveling experience? As he is desribing the people and the river from virtually all over the world. Also note that this part is indented.

"Race of Humanity, you are the Readers of the Book". So we are the readers? What book though? Toward the end of the poem, he is describing the nature and the creaures on earth:
mountains, ocean, whales, eagles.

So this poem gives me a sense that the Book is Nature/Earth. There are creatures going through its pages (recalling earlier in the poem: ocean = pages), while human are the readers. Human living on Earth and as part of nature. We have explored and learnt a great deal from nature (or Earth), and it is just like learning from a book. So, maybe he's talking about nature being a great book for us to learn and urge us to travel and see the vastness of the world (that's why he is giving us the scenes of the rivers).

Conclusion:
Book = Nature (Earth) ---> a lot to learn from nature, don't just sit there reading the sacred books, these books cannot compare to the enormous knowledge nature has to give.