Thursday, October 28, 2004

Antony, what a leader...

I admire Antony's courage of challenging Caesar individually. But his other actions reveal his incapability as a leader, or more precisely one of the triumvirs. Being a leader, he is blinded by his stubborness. In Act 3 scene 7, Antony has totally ignored the advice from his advisors and experienced soldiers, and insisted in fighting by sea. Antony's pride and arrogance toward his own military strength have finally deceived him and led to his tragic defeat. On the other hand, we see Antony going into "party mode" at the end of Act 3 even in this situation. I can totally see the reason why Enobarbus finally decides to leave Antony. It is just shameful for a leader to act in such a stubborn and ridiculous way. Looking back at Philo's opening speech, I can clearly see how Antony has "transform'd / Into a strumpet's fool" (1.1.13-4). However, is this quality, as Ledipus describes, "hereditary" (1.4.13) , or is it something that is brought forth because of the presence of Cleopatra?

Nevertheless, I would be shameful to see a leader having a celebration after a tragic defeat.

Wednesday, October 27, 2004

Antony and Cleopatra

We have been reading Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra for 2 weeks already. But I am still having trouble understanding the Shakespearean modern English (maybe that's why we can call ourselves post-mordern!?) I have the same feeling that I, as a reader, have been defamiliarized by the previous works we have read in class. Those literary works are old, but the new translations - in the language that is closer to the one we use nowadays - provides a different aspect for us to look at those literary works. And it is also because of the use of the more mordern language that we are able to understand the text more easily. Then, reading Shakespearean works becomes relatively difficult because of the differences in word usage and in social aspects.

There is one thing that has stuck in my mind about this play: how did Cleopatra look like? Shakespeare describes Cleopatra with a sense of divinity (2.2.234-39). However, it seems to me that Cleopatra was not as good-looking, or exotic as the image described in the play. In the passage where Cleopatra is described to have defy the normality of feminility that "Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale/Her infinite variety" (2.2.234-35). Instead of having an image of a divine goddess, I have the image of the Egyptian curse and witchcraft. It is because of her witchcraft and curse that allows Cleopatra to seduce every man she wants, and further achieve the state of transcending mortality.

Just because of curiosity, I searched the image of Cleopatra through Google. Cleopatra has been portraited in a variety of ways (parallel to Shakespeake's text?), and I have put up some links here for everyone to see the faces of Cleopatra.


Cleopatra's Statue (head) (http://www.imit.kth.se/~dick56/)

Michelangelo's Image of Cleopatra c. 1500 (http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/)

Giampietrino's Interpretation c. 1600 (http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/)

Pietro Ricci's Interpretation c. 1700 (http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/)

Cleopatra and Antony (France) c. 1450 (http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/)

Cleopatra in the 21st Century
(http://www.duke.edu/~sas19)

Notice that in most of the images, you can see the presence of snakes and Cleopatra is perceived as a naked, white woman (not tawny at all). Would the presence of the snakes be a hint of Cleopatra's association with witchcraft? Nevertheless, you can clearly see the differences and similarities between these images from different time period, especially the one in the 21st century.

Thursday, October 07, 2004

Xerxes! O Xerxes! You Have Betrayed Us. You Will Be Forgotten. Only God Is Immortal. Only God Is Divine!

The play is interesting in a sense that it is different from the version we have read in class. This difference is mainly created by the modernization of this ancient play. First of all, the characters are in modern costume, which is totally outside my expectation. I expected the characters to be in ancient Perisan attires, however, they are dressed in a more modern fashion. This certainly surprises me, but I like it better nevertheless. I think these modern costumes can better identifies the characters, and give the audience a clear image of the characters. Taking into account the lack of stage settings, these modernized costumes can also enrich the visual context of the play. Secondly, the characters speak in more modernized verses, which is totally different from the broken verses we have read in the book. The verses better resembles our normal speaking pattern and, thus, make it easier for audience to understand the content of the story.

Throughout the play, I have been trying to focus on minute physical details that might influence how we perceive the play. There are several points that I want to point out.

1, The way the chorus speaks the verse "Thousands of thousands". The four members of the chorus speak the verse separately in a more musial pattern, which can be refered to be heterophony. First we hear a member start of with the verse, then a second member will join in at the end of the phrase, i.e. the second person will start his verse with "thousands" when the first person is finishing with the word "thousands", and so on. This leads to a build-up effect of sound, power and endlessness. Thus, it helps to conceive the idea of many with all the "thousands" sounding together.

2, The verse "Xerxes! O Xerxes! You Have Betrayed Us. You Will Be Forgotten. Only God Is Immortal. Only God Is Divine!" seems to become the main idea of this play that Xerxes, with all his supernatural achievements and ambition, has led to his own tragic fall, and that he is not going to win against God. Comparing to other phrases in the play, the way this verse is spoken is very musical and poetic, which might be the playwright's intention so that it is easier for the audience to remember.

3, Color is an important part in this play. The elements of color are carried out mainly by the use of costume, and lighting. The use of colored lights enrighes the color combination of the costumes, and create a greater contrast among the character. Also, the color of Atossa's dress, which changes from gold and black to black between episodes, might help convey the mood of the play. I have also noticed the color of the episode when Darius appears. In that episode, Atossa is holding a dark blue jacket with gold embroidery. However, Darius himself is wearing a similar jacket with a monotonic grayish color. This grayish color is apparently lighter comparing to the chorus and Atossa's costumes. So this contrast in color might be helpful in conveying the identity of Darius being a ghost (or the gray color can also convey a sense of coldness).

4, The background music from the violin and the cello enriches the mood of the play. The violin's imitation of the sound of birds help brings out a sense of loneliness. The instance I hear that sound, I have an image of a desert under the sun with eagles flying over dead bodies. So the sound effect might also influence how the audience perceive the image of the play.

Lastly, I want to mention some observations that I think might be funny to share. Recalling the scene when the Herald first arrive and Atossa is saying that she does not know what to say. First I truely think that it is an aside by Atossa, which represents something that she thinks. I have confirmed this idea by observing the reactions of the others (referring to the people who are not standing next to Atossa). I don't really remember who is the one standing next to Atossa, but I am pretty sure that he does something that is not supposed to. He turns sideway to look at Atossa when she is doing her aside. And I think it's just a funny mistake he has made and I think it might be interesting to mention it here. Also, the Herald is shaking all the time. Remember he is holding something in his left hand, very close to his body? Originally I thought it might be something cold that will keep him shaking, but then I went check that thing out (it is left at the stage somehow) and it is wet and sticky. So I am not quite sure if my assumption is correct. But, I think it is just another funny minute detail.